Taking design not as a problem-solving logic but as a form of thought-experiment—a device through which the design imagination can unfold—50 Species-Towns reframes China’s rapidly urbanizing agrarian landscape as a critical terrain for interrogating the cultural and spatial stakes of agrarian urbanization amid conditions of agricultural modernization. Against the erasure of pre-existing agrarian knowledge, the project treats fifty endangered Chinese crops and their associated systems of cultivation as both material cultures and repositories of embodied environmental practice—not merely an archive of meaning to be preserved, but a generative matrix of spatial logics capable of reopening design inquiry. Mobilizing techniques derived from crop-specific practices, the volume proposes the “species-town” as its central speculative device: a hybrid proposition dialectically entwining species-specific landscape arrangements with human-inhabited urban morphologies, in which cultivation networks infiltrate and modulate urban form while urban programs extend into a “weak” tissue of productive fields. In this sense, the project advances “one village, one crop” as a model of-and-for agrarian urbanization, treating each species simultaneously as an archive of embodied knowledge and a spatial matrix of territorial organization—collectively yielding fifty landscape-specific species-towns through which alternative agrarian imaginaries can be tested, propagated, and rendered intelligible as design.