Jairus Banaji has made important contributions to Marxist history and social theory since the 1970s. In recent years, Banaji’s scholarship has received renewed attention, due in part to the institutionalization of the history of capitalism as a distinct field of study in the Anglophone world. These engagements, mainly from within the field of history, have tended to focus on his history of commercial capitalism and its contributions to extending the spatiotemporal parameters of the global history of capitalism. What has received much less attention are the methodological foundations of his vast and varied scholarship on historical capitalism. Consequently, this article undertakes a systematic exposition of Banaji’s method, namely, the politico-epistemological and theoretical dimensions of his scholarship through a summative reading of his major writings on Marxism, Marx’s method, historical materialism, and the history and historiography of capitalism.